LI Dengfeng, WEI Lixiao, LI Mengqi
For recycling competition and profit allocation of closed-loop supply chain with two channels to collect used products, a continuous noncooperative-cooperative biform game model is established under the deposit return to manufacturer implemented by the government. Firstly, in the noncooperative game part, retailer and recycler compete to collect used products, and forms competitive situation. Secondly, manufacturer, retailer and recycler cooperate to optimize the sales price of the used products, the wholesale and retail price of new products, that is, determine the characteristic function of coalitions in cooperative game part under the given competitive situation. Shapley value is used to obtain players' allocated profits. Finally, taking the allocated profits of retailer and recycler as the payment function, the optimal used products' collection rate of retailer and recycler are solved. The non-cooperative cooperative biform game model established in this paper combines the non-cooperative game with the cooperative game, which can simultaneously solve the problem of dual channel recycling and pricing strategy optimization, and profit distribution, and provide a theoretical basis for the government and supply chain members to make production, sales, and recovery decisions. Our results show that, 1) The government's implementation of deposit refund system for manufacturers can promote cooperation between the manufacturer and retailer, and increase retailer's enthusiasm for collect used products, but it has no obvious incentive effect on recyclers. An appropriate increase of unit deposits is conducive to improving social welfare, but excessive deposits are not conducive to the stability of the recovery market. 2) The fierce competition among recycling channels damages supply chain profits, consumer surplus, and social welfare. Recyclers should choose appropriate ways to moderately reduce market competition. 3) Used products have the high cost advantage and can achieve a win-win situation of profit and environmental performance. Production and recycling companies should actively seek measures to improve the usable value of remanufactured products.
