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Research on collaborative distribution problems and cost allocation methods considering differences in service quality of logistics enterprises
RAO Weizhen, MIAO Xiaohe, ZHU Qinghua, JIANG Liwen
Systems Engineering - Theory & Practice
2022, 42 (10):
2721-2739.
DOI: 10.12011/SETP2021-3282
The traditional collaborative distribution cost allocation assumes that there is no difference in the quality of services across all alliance enterprises, and takes the marginal contribution as the basis. However, there are obvious differences in the service quality of enterprises during the practical cooperation process. On this basis, this study first proposes a hierarchical framework for service quality evaluation under a collaborative circumstance, which includes four dimensions: Relationship performance, operation performance, cost performance and collaborative performance. Then, a multi-owner collaborative delivery vehicle routing problem model is constructed given the customer time window. Combined with the solution rules of the classical Shapley value method, the process of adjusting the cost allocation results is proposed as well. Finally, this paper verifies the effectiveness of the adjustment process by numerical experiments. The results show that: 1) According to the actual data, if SF Express, ZTO Express, YTO Express, and STO Express cooperate, the neglect of the difference in service quality among enterprises will cause a cost deviation of about 16.38%, leading to unfair cost allocation; 2) Vehicle input amount, on-time delivery rate and distribution price are particularly important in the evaluation of collaboration service quality; 3) Alliance members would like to narrow the gap in service quality to avoid the punishment losses, finally promoting overall service quality of the alliance. The adjustment process proposed in this paper can objectively reflect the influence of differences in service quality among enterprises on the cost allocation results. Enterprises with higher service quality can save more costs, while enterprises with lower service quality must bear the corresponding punishment to help obtain the fair allocation, thus achieving the purpose of encouraging members to improve service quality.
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