地方财政压力与企业劳动收入份额——基于取消农业税的准自然实验分析

熊家财, 黄玲

系统工程理论与实践 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4) : 1095-1112.

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系统工程理论与实践 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4) : 1095-1112. DOI: 10.12011/SETP2023-0322
论文

地方财政压力与企业劳动收入份额——基于取消农业税的准自然实验分析

    熊家财, 黄玲
作者信息 +

Local fiscal pressure and labor income share: A quasi-natural experiment analysis based on agricultural taxes abolition reform

    XIONG Jiacai, HUANG Ling
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文章历史 +

摘要

提升劳动收入份额是优化收入分配格局、 实现共同富裕的核心要义. 本文以2005年取消农业税为准自然实验, 通过双重差分法系统考察地方财政压力对企业劳动收入份额的影响. 研究发现: 地方财政压力显著降低了企业劳动收入份额, 在中小企业、 金融发展水平落后地区、 财政自给率较低地区以及劳动密集型行业中, 这种负向关系更为显著. 进一步的机制分析表明, 财政压力会导致地方政府提升税收与非税收征管力度、 加大举债力度, 进而加剧企业的融资约束, 此时, 企业会削减人力资本投资以平滑固定资产投资, 进而导致企业劳动收入份额下降. 本文研究不仅丰富了地方财政压力与企业劳动收入份额领域的研究, 也为如何改善初次分配结构、 实现共同富裕提供了经验证据和政策启示.

Abstract

Increasing labor income share is the core essence of optimizing the income distribution pattern and achieving common prosperity. This paper examines the impact of local fiscal pressure on the labor income share of enterprises using difference-in-difference method with a quasi-natural experiment of the nation-wide abolition of agriculture tax in 2005. We find that local fiscal pressure significantly reduces the share of labor income of enterprises. Moreover, we find that the negative relationship is more pronounced in small and medium-sized enterprises, regions with lower financial development, regions with lower fiscal self-sufficiency, and firms in labor-intensive industries. Further mechanism analysis shows that fiscal pressure leads local governments to raise tax and non-tax enforcement, increase debt raising, and thus intensify firms' financing constraints. Financing constraints firms cut human capital investment to smooth out fixed asset investment, which in turn leads to a decrease in firms' labor income share. This study not only enriches the research on local fiscal pressure and labor income share of enterprises, but also provides empirical evidence and policy implications on how to improve the primary distribution structure and achieve common prosperity.

关键词

财政压力 / 取消农业税 / 劳动收入份额 / 融资约束 / 双重差分法

Key words

fiscal pressure / agricultural taxes abolition reform / labor income share / financial constraints / DID

引用本文

导出引用
熊家财, 黄玲. 地方财政压力与企业劳动收入份额——基于取消农业税的准自然实验分析. 系统工程理论与实践, 2025, 45(4): 1095-1112 https://doi.org/10.12011/SETP2023-0322
XIONG Jiacai, HUANG Ling. Local fiscal pressure and labor income share: A quasi-natural experiment analysis based on agricultural taxes abolition reform. Systems Engineering - Theory & Practice, 2025, 45(4): 1095-1112 https://doi.org/10.12011/SETP2023-0322
中图分类号: F812.4   

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基金

国家自然科学基金(72162019); 江西省社科基金(21YJ30)
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