当供应商存在资金约束时,采用通过零售商担保获得银行贷款的融资模式,可以避免由于供应商资金约束对零售商及供应链利润带来的影响,从而有效解决供应商资金不足的问题.针对仅知需求均值和方差的不确定市场环境,在零售商担保的融资模式下,建立了供应链最优决策模型及零售商鲁棒订购模型,给出了供应商最优贷款额、零售商鲁棒订购量、最优批发价格及最优贷款折扣率的表达式.最后,通过数值仿真验证了零售商采用鲁棒订购策略对风险规避的有效性;而且,通过与需求信息完备情形下的最优期望利润订购策略的比较分析,发现在某些市场环境下,无论需求信息是否完备,鲁棒订购策略始终优于最优期望利润订购策略.
Abstract
Retailer intermediation in supplier finance, provided by the bank to the supplier, is an effective way to deal with the problem of the supplier's capital constraints, in an effort to avoid the negative impact on the profit of retailer and the whole supply chain due to the capital insufficiency of the supplier. With the retailer intermediation in supplier finance, the optimal decision model for supply chain and the robust ordering model for retailer are established where only the mean and variance of demand are known. The optimal borrowing of supplier, robust ordering quantity of retailer, optimal wholesale price, and optimal discount percentage are presented. Numerical experiments are carried out which validate the robustness and efficacy of retailer's ordering decision achieved by robust optimization. Furthermore, it is found by comparing with the model with known demand distribution, the robust ordering decision is superior to the optimal expected profit ordering strategy under some situations even if the perfect information is available.
关键词
资金约束 /
供应链融资 /
Stackelberg博弈 /
鲁棒优化
{{custom_keyword}} /
Key words
capital constraints /
supply chain finance /
Stackelberg game /
robust optimization
{{custom_keyword}} /
中图分类号:
F253
O225
{{custom_clc.code}}
({{custom_clc.text}})
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] Kouvelis P, Zhao W. Financing the newsvendor:Supplier vs. bank, and the structure of optimal trade credit contracts[J]. Operations Research, 2012, 60(3):566-580.
[2] Thangam A. Optimal price discounting and lot-sizing policies for perishable items in a supply chain under advance payment scheme and two-echelon trade credits[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2012, 139(2):459-472.
[3] 王文利, 骆建文. 基于价格折扣的供应链预付款融资策略研究[J]. 管理科学学报, 2014, 17(11):20-32.Wang W L, Luo J W. Advance payment financing strategies of supply chains based on price discount[J]. Journal of Management Sciences in China, 2014, 17(11):20-32.
[4] Chang H L. Trade credit for supply chain coordination[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2011, 214(1):136-146.
[5] Xu X D, Birge J R. Joint production and financing decisions:Modeling and analysis[R]. The University of Chicago Graduate School of Business, 2004.
[6] Kouvelis P, Zhao W. The newsvendor problem and price-only contract when bankruptcy costs exist[J]. Production and Operations Management, 2011, 20(6):921-936.
[7] Dye C Y. A finite horizon deteriorating inventory model with two-phase pricing and time-varying demand and cost under trade credit financing using particle swarm optimization[J]. Swarm & Evolutionary Computation, 2012, 5:37-53.
[8] Jiang L, Hao Z. Alleviating supplier's capital restriction by two-order arrangement[J]. Operations Research Letters, 2014, 42:444-449.
[9] Xiao S, Sethi S P, Liu M, et al. Coordinating contracts for a financially constrained supply chain[J]. Omega, 2017, 72:71-86.
[10] Tunca T I, Zhu W. Buyer intermediation in supplier finance[J]. Management Science, 2018, 64(12):5631-5650.
[11] 王菲, 于辉, 孙彩虹. 新产品供应链的VMI寄售返利契约模型[J]. 系统工程理论与实践, 2013, 33(11):2804-2810.Wang F, Yu H, Sun C H. The model of new product supply chain under vendor-managed inventory with consignment and sales rebate[J]. Systems Engineering-Theory & Practice, 2013, 33(11):2804-2810.
[12] 孙彩虹. 部分信息下联合鲁棒定价、订货决策的报童模型[J]. 系统工程理论与实践, 2014, 34(5):1122-1130.Sun C H. Jointly robust pricing and order decision newsvendor model under the limited information[J]. Systems Engineering-Theory & Practice, 2014, 34(5):1122-1130.
[13] 柏庆国, 徐健腾. 碳政策下分布式鲁棒优化模型的生产与减排策略[J]. 系统工程理论与实践, 2016, 36(7):1696-1709.Bai Q G, Xu J T. Joint production and emission reduction decisions for the distributionally robust optimization problem under carbon regulations[J]. Systems Engineering-Theory & Practice, 2016, 36(7):1696-1709.
[14] Scarf H. A min-max solution of an inventory problem[R]. Studies in the Mathematical Theory of Inventory and Production, Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA, 1958:201-209.
[15] Gallego G, Moon I. The distribution free newsboy problem:Review and extensions[J]. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 1993, 44(8):825-834.
[16] Ben-Tal A, Golany B, Nemirovski A, et al. Supplier retailer flexible commitments contracts:A robust optimization approach[J]. Manufacturing and Service Operations Management, 2005, 7(3):248-271.
[17] Zhang Y, Shen Z J M, Song S. Distributionally robust optimization of two-stage lot-sizing problems[J]. Production and Operations Management, 2016, 25(12):2116-2131.
[18] Moon I, Silver E A. The multi-item newsvendor problem with a budget constraint and fixed ordering costs[J]. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 2000, 51(5):602-608.
[19] Hanasusanto G A, Kuhn D, Wallace S W, et al. Distributionally robust multi-item newsvendor problems with multimodal demand distributions[J]. Mathematical Programming, 2015, 152(1-2):1-32.
[20] Raza S A. A distribution free approach to newsvendor problem with pricing[J]. 4OR, 2014, 12(4):335-358.
[21] Xu J, Bai Q, Xu L, et al. Effects of emission reduction and partial demand information on operational decisions of a newsvendor problem[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018, 188:825-839.
[22] Qi F, Sim C K, Teo C P. Profit sharing agreements in decentralized supply chains:A distributionally robust approach[J]. Operations Research, 2018, 66(2):500-513.
[23] Yue J, Chen B, Wang M C. Expected value of distribution information for the newsvendor problem[J]. Operations Research, 2006, 54(6):1128-1136.
[24] Perakis G, Roels G. Regret in the newsvendor model with partial information[J]. Operations Research, 2008, 56(1):188-203.
[25] Yan N. Robust decisions of capital-constrained supply chain with demand uncertainty[J]. International Journal of Modeling and Optimization, 2014, 4(3):220-226.
{{custom_fnGroup.title_cn}}
脚注
{{custom_fn.content}}
基金
国家自然科学基金(71971011)
{{custom_fund}}