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基于危险化学品事故的双层次应急中心选址模型
Two-level emergency centers location model based on the hazardous chemicals' accidents
针对危险化学品事故频发的现状, 在传统选址模型的基础上建立了双层次应急中心选址模型. 利用高斯烟羽模型对危险化学品泄漏风险进行了度量, 在经典的p-中值选址模型基础上提出了事故风险和距离相结合的双层次选址模型, 改变了传统的一对一应急模式, 设置了两类应急中心服务于每一个化工厂, 并设计了改进的禁忌搜索算法确定最优选址策略. 最后, 针对北京市大兴区化工厂的分布情况做了案例分析, 给出相应的两个层次应急中心的选址方案, 并对层级管理参数λ进行了灵敏度分析, 验证了加入第二层次应急中心的考虑后, 整个应急系统的效率得到了提高, 并且应急成本有所下降.
Targeting the frequent occurrence of hazardous chemicals' accidents, a two-level emergency center location model for hazardous chemicals' accidents was introduced based on the traditional location model. Specifically, Gaussian plume model was used to measure the risk of leakage of dangerous chemicals. And a two-level location model, which combines the risk of accidents and distance, was built. This model changed the traditional one-on-one emergency mode by selecting two types of emergency centers for each chemical plant. This paper designed an improved tabu search algorithm to determine the optimal location strategy. In the end, a case study was performed according to the distribution of the chemical plants in Daxing district, Beijing. In the case study, a location solution for the corresponding two-level emergency center sites was given. A sensitivity analysis for parameter λ was also performed. The results indicated that the whole emergency response system's efficiency was improved and the cost was reduced due to the consideration of second-level emergency centers.
应急中心选址 / 危险化学品 / 禁忌搜索算法 / 高斯烟羽模型 / 双层次模型 {{custom_keyword}} /
emergency center location / hazardous chemicals / tabu search algorithm / Gaussian plume model / two-level model {{custom_keyword}} /
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国家自然科学基金(70801003, 71171011); 中央高校基础科研业务费专项基金(zz1133)
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