本文对层次分析法判断矩阵不一致性的形成机理进行了探讨, 分析了构成判断误差及影响判断矩阵不满足一致性的两个重要因素：背景偏差(判断准则重心转移)和工具误差；就背景偏差对判断矩阵和排序向量的影响进行了分析, 并给出了数学描述。然后, 利用最优传递矩阵等概念提出了一种对不一致性判断矩阵进行修正的方法, 并分析了该方法的使用条件和含义。

This paper deals with the error formation of the inconsistent AHP matrix,and points out that the bias of background indexes weight(judgement criterion)and tools error(measurement error)are the two im-portent factors that determine the consistency of AHP matrix.The math relation between foreground indexes(compared indexes)and background indexes is derived.Then an adjustment method is aldvanced for improving the consistency of AHP matrix on the basis of the initial information and a special postulation.